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<div id='article-page'><div id='article-content' data-media-url='//news-app-staging.s3.amazonaws.com' data-base-url='//news-app-staging.herokuapp.com' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/1682/space_travel.m4a' data-capture-url='//staging.analytics.lingraphica.com/events/capture_news' data-article-title='How Does Long-Term Space Travel Affect Humans?' data-article-id='2200'><script src='//news-app-staging.herokuapp.com/javascripts/getscripts.js'></script><link rel='stylesheet' href='//news-app-staging.herokuapp.com/stylesheets/article.css' type='text/css' /><div class='article'><p><span data-start-time='0' data-end-time='12333'>Astronaut Scott Kelly launched into space on a one-year mission to the International Space Station (ISS) in 2015.</span> <span data-start-time='12333' data-end-time='18042'>He was weightless for 340 days.</span> <span data-start-time='18042' data-end-time='26313'>His identical twin brother, retired astronaut Mark Kelly, stayed on Earth.</span> <span data-start-time='26313' data-end-time='39271'>Because they are identical twins, Scott and Mark Kelly share almost all the same genetic material, or DNA.</span> <span data-start-time='39271' data-end-time='57063'>They agreed to let scientists study them before, during, and after Scott’s mission to find out what a year floating in space may do to the human body.</span> <span data-start-time='57063' data-end-time='66896'>The investigation is known as the Twins Study ... and the first results are now in.</span> <span data-start-time='66896' data-end-time='75458'>In the Twins Study, researchers are looking at 10 aspects of the human body.</span> <span data-start-time='75458' data-end-time='82521'>They are doing the investigation for NASA’s Human Research Program.</span> <span data-start-time='82521' data-end-time='87063'>NASA is the American space agency.</span> <span data-start-time='87063' data-end-time='95396'>They introduced some early findings at a conference in Texas last month.</span> <span data-start-time='95396' data-end-time='107354'>At the conference, researchers said that some genetic changes occurred in Scott Kelly while he was in space.</span> <span data-start-time='107354' data-end-time='115250'>John Charles is the chief scientist for NASA’s Human Research Program.</span> <span data-start-time='115250' data-end-time='120729'>He says researchers expected some of those changes.</span> <span data-start-time='120729' data-end-time='128813'>But there was a surprise: a change to Scott’s telomeres.</span> <span data-start-time='128813' data-end-time='133708'>Telomeres sit on the end of chromosomes.</span> <span data-start-time='133708' data-end-time='141167'>Chromosomes are the part of cells that hold DNA.</span> <span data-start-time='141167' data-end-time='147708'>Usually, as people age, their telomeres become shorter.</span> <span data-start-time='147708' data-end-time='154896'>But when he was in space, Scott Kelly’s telomeres did the opposite:</span> <span data-start-time='154896' data-end-time='157813'>They became longer.</span> <span data-start-time='157813' data-end-time='166083'>Charles says usually astronauts have shorter telomeres than other people.</span> <span data-start-time='166083' data-end-time='174167'>He thinks this may be because their intense training on Earth is stressful.</span> <span data-start-time='174167' data-end-time='182896'>So being in space, Charles says, may actually be less stressful.</span> </p></div><div class='control-buttons-sticky' style='display:none;'><div class='control-buttons'><button title='Back' class='back' disabled='disabled'></button><button title='Play' class='play' disabled='disabled'></button><button title='Pause' class='pause' style='display:none;'></button><button title='Forward' class='forward' disabled='disabled'></button><button class='finished-reading' style='display:none;'>Done</button></div></div></div><div id='article-media'><div id='media-image'><img src='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/1682/space_travel.jpg'/></div></div><div id='question-content' style='display:none;'><div class='vocabulary_question question-container' data-question-id=8108 data-hint-location='18042' style='display:none;'><div class='question' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/1682/what_does_retired_mean.m4a'>What does retired mean?</div><div class='choices' data-correct-choice='stopped working'><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/1682/stopped_working.m4a'><span>stopped working</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/1682/grown_in_length.m4a'><span>grown in length</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/1682/worked_in_science.m4a'><span>worked in science</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/1682/traveled_in_space.m4a'><span>traveled in space</span></div></div></div><div class='multiple_choice_question question-container' data-question-id=8109 data-hint-location='57063' style='display:none;'><div class='question' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/1682/what_was_the_investigation_called.m4a'>What was the investigation called?</div><div class='choices' data-correct-choice='Twins Study'><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/1682/stress_response.m4a'><span>Stress Response</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/1682/space_agency.m4a'><span>Space Agency</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/1682/twins_study.m4a'><span>Twins Study</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/1682/research_program.m4a'><span>Research Program</span></div></div></div><div class='sentence_completion_question question-container' data-question-id=8110 data-hint-location='87063' style='display:none;'><div class='question' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/1682/they_introduced__blank__at_a_conference.m4a'>They introduced <span class='blank'>early findings</span> at a conference.</div><div class='choices' data-correct-choice='early findings'><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/1682/shorter_stress.m4a'><span>shorter stress</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/1682/early_findings.m4a'><span>early findings</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/1682/genetic_material.m4a'><span>genetic material</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/1682/space_travel.m4a'><span>space travel</span></div></div></div><div class='question-buttons'><button class='skip-button'></button><button class='hint-button'></button><button class='speak-button'></button></div></div></div>
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