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<div id='article-page'><div id='article-content' data-media-url='//news-app-staging.s3.amazonaws.com' data-base-url='//news-app-staging.herokuapp.com' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/3d_audio.m4a' data-capture-url='//staging.analytics.lingraphica.com/events/capture_news' data-article-title='3-D Printed Device Helps Children with Rare Breathing Disorder' data-article-id='318'><script src='//news-app-staging.herokuapp.com/javascripts/getscripts.js'></script><link rel='stylesheet' href='//news-app-staging.herokuapp.com/stylesheets/article.css' type='text/css' /><div class='article'><p><span data-start-time='0' data-end-time='4146'>You may have heard about a process called 3-D printing. </span> <span data-start-time='4146' data-end-time='10958'>It is where a machine creates a three-dimensional object -- one with height, width and depth. </span> <span data-start-time='10958' data-end-time='16458'>The machine uses plastic or a similar material to produce the object. </span> <span data-start-time='16458' data-end-time='26333'>Usually, the material is added one layer at a time, with the layering process repeated again and again until the product is ready.</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='26333' data-end-time='34375'>Now researchers in the United States have developed what they call a 4-D medical device. </span> <span data-start-time='34375' data-end-time='41917'>They say the device is designed for very young patients, and changes as their bodies grow.</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='41917' data-end-time='46875'>The researchers are with the University of Michigan in Anna Arbor. </span> <span data-start-time='46875' data-end-time='55604'>They worked with children who have a rare condition called tracheobronchomalacia, or TBM.</span> <span data-start-time='55604' data-end-time='59333'>The disease weakens the walls of the airway. </span> <span data-start-time='59333' data-end-time='64708'>The breathing passage can collapse, cutting off oxygen to the children.</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='64708' data-end-time='67979'>One of the researchers is Glenn Green. </span> <span data-start-time='67979' data-end-time='74604'>He told reporters that TBM is a rare, but very serious breathing disorder.</span> <span data-start-time='74604' data-end-time='82646'>He said the three children in this study had been in an intensive care unit at a hospital for months. </span> <span data-start-time='82646' data-end-time='87833'>Doctor Green said the three patients were given very strong drugs.</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='87833' data-end-time='93813'>“During that time, to stay alive, they required heavy sedation, narcotics and even paralytics. </span> <span data-start-time='93813' data-end-time='100542'>They all had tracheostomies, where a breathing tube was placed through their necks, and were on artificial ventilators. </span> <span data-start-time='100542' data-end-time='106021'>There is no cure, and life expectancies for each of these children were grim.”</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='106021' data-end-time='114167'>Patients with TBM have been treated with a splint, a support that surrounds the airway and protects it. </span> <span data-start-time='114167' data-end-time='119125'>The splint worked just like those often used to support a broken arm. </span> <span data-start-time='119125' data-end-time='121813'>But young children grow quickly.</span> <span data-start-time='121813' data-end-time='127958'>As a result, the child’s airway would soon outgrow most splints.</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='127958' data-end-time='134000'>The new 3-D printed splint is designed to expand over time. </span> <span data-start-time='134000' data-end-time='138604'>Each one is specially designed and made for each patient.</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='138604' data-end-time='144292'>Over time, the airway becomes strong enough to resist collapsing. </span> <span data-start-time='144292' data-end-time='152167'>Several years after the operation, the 3-D splint is slowly removed through natural processes.</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='152167' data-end-time='157458'>Two of the children in the study were said to be much improved. </span> <span data-start-time='157458' data-end-time='166188'>A third suffered no problems, but still needs ventilating equipment to breathe, perhaps because of other issues.</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='166188' data-end-time='171854'>Doctor Green says 3-D printing can help doctors and patients alike.</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='171854' data-end-time='177521'>“We actually printed (a replica of) the patient’s airway, the trachea and bronchi, beforehand. </span> <span data-start-time='177521' data-end-time='187313'>By printing this ahead of time, then we were able to practice the operation before we actually incised the child just to go in and save lives.”</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='187313' data-end-time='193417'>Researchers reported the findings in the journal Science Transitional Medicine. </span> <span data-start-time='193417' data-end-time='196396'>Megan Frisk works for the journal. </span> <span data-start-time='196396' data-end-time='198375'>She said the findings</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='198375' data-end-time='208146'>“represent not only a new surgical option for patients suffering from obstructive airway disease, but also showing a promise for 4-D printed materials in medicine.”</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='208146' data-end-time='214667'>The researchers say they are planning a larger study of this device in children with TBM.</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='214667' data-end-time='216542'>I’m Jim Tedder.</span> </p></div><div class='control-buttons-sticky' style='display:none;'><div class='control-buttons'><button title='Back' class='back' disabled='disabled'></button><button title='Play' class='play' disabled='disabled'></button><button title='Pause' class='pause' style='display:none;'></button><button title='Forward' class='forward' disabled='disabled'></button><button class='finished-reading' style='display:none;'>Done</button></div></div></div><div id='article-media'><div id='media-image'><img src='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/printers_image.jpg'/></div></div><div id='question-content' style='display:none;'><div class='sentence_completion_question question-container' data-question-id=1932 data-hint-location='134000' style='display:none;'><div class='question' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/_blank__would_allow_each_patient_to_get_a_specially_designed_and_unique_splint.m4a'><span class='blank'>3-D printing</span> would allow each patient to get a specially designed and unique splint.</div><div class='choices' data-correct-choice='3-D printing'><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/wax.m4a'><span>wax</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/3d_printing.m4a'><span>3-D printing</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/technology.m4a'><span>technology</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/sculpting.m4a'><span>sculpting</span></div></div></div><div class='multiple_choice_question question-container' data-question-id=1933 data-hint-location='100542' style='display:none;'><div class='question' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/what_is_the_cure_for_children_with_tbm.m4a'>What is the cure for children with TBM?</div><div class='choices' data-correct-choice='there is no cure'><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/surgery.m4a'><span>surgery</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/shock_therapy.m4a'><span>shock therapy</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/there_is_no_cure.m4a'><span>there is no cure</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/drugs.m4a'><span>drugs</span></div></div></div><div class='vocabulary_question question-container' data-question-id=1934 data-hint-location='106021' style='display:none;'><div class='question' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/what_does_splint_mean.m4a'>What does splint mean?</div><div class='choices' data-correct-choice='a support that is used to hold a body part in place'><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/an_area_of_a_hospital.m4a'><span>an area of a hospital</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/over_an_area.m4a'><span>over an area</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/a_support_that_is_used_to_hold_a_body_part_in_place.m4a'><span>a support that is used to hold a body part in place</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/a_measurement.m4a'><span>a measurement</span></div></div></div><div class='vocabulary_question question-container' data-question-id=1935 data-hint-location='16458' style='display:none;'><div class='question' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/what_does_layer_mean.m4a'>What does layer mean?</div><div class='choices' data-correct-choice='something that is spread over an area'><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/an_area_of_a_hospital.m4a'><span>an area of a hospital</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/something_that_is_spread_over_an_area.m4a'><span>something that is spread over an area</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/to_hold_in_place.m4a'><span>to hold in place</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/a_measurement.m4a'><span>a measurement</span></div></div></div><div class='vocabulary_question question-container' data-question-id=1936 data-hint-location='4146' style='display:none;'><div class='question' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/what_does_dimensional_mean.m4a'>What does dimensional mean?</div><div class='choices' data-correct-choice='related to a measurement'><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/an_area_of_a_hospital.m4a'><span>an area of a hospital</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/over_an_area.m4a'><span>over an area</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/to_hold_in_place.m4a'><span>to hold in place</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/related_to_a_measurement.m4a'><span>related to a measurement</span></div></div></div><div class='multiple_choice_question question-container' data-question-id=1937 data-hint-location='59333' style='display:none;'><div class='question' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/what_happens_to_the_breathing_passage_when_you_have_tbm.m4a'>What happens to the breathing passage when you have TBM?</div><div class='choices' data-correct-choice='collapses'><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/not_formed.m4a'><span>not formed</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/collapses.m4a'><span>collapses</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/painful.m4a'><span>painful</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/nonexistent.m4a'><span>nonexistent</span></div></div></div><div class='multiple_choice_question question-container' data-question-id=1938 data-hint-location='55604' style='display:none;'><div class='question' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/what_does_the_disease_weaken.m4a'>What does the disease weaken?</div><div class='choices' data-correct-choice='the walls of the airway'><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/larynx.m4a'><span>larynx</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/trachea.m4a'><span>trachea</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/lungs.m4a'><span>lungs</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/the_walls_of_the_airway.m4a'><span>the walls of the airway</span></div></div></div><div class='sentence_completion_question question-container' data-question-id=1939 data-hint-location='106021' style='display:none;'><div class='question' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/patients_with_tbm_are_treated_with_a_splint_that_supports_their__blank_.m4a'>Patients with TBM are treated with a splint that supports their <span class='blank'>airway</span>.</div><div class='choices' data-correct-choice='airway'><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/airway.m4a'><span>airway</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/nose.m4a'><span>nose</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/palate.m4a'><span>palate</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/esophagus.m4a'><span>esophagus</span></div></div></div><div class='sentence_completion_question question-container' data-question-id=1940 data-hint-location='26333' style='display:none;'><div class='question' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/researchers_in_the_united_states_have_developed_what_they_call_a_4d__blank_.m4a'>Researchers in the United States have developed what they call a 4-D <span class='blank'>medical device</span>.</div><div class='choices' data-correct-choice='medical device'><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/machine.m4a'><span>machine</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/television.m4a'><span>television</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/printer.m4a'><span>printer</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/92/medical_device.m4a'><span>medical device</span></div></div></div><div class='question-buttons'><button class='skip-button'></button><button class='hint-button'></button><button class='speak-button'></button></div></div></div>
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