Two Americans and one Briton have won the 2018 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for developing new processes used to create drugs, chemicals and biofuels. Frances Arnold of the California Institute of Technology will receive half the prize, worth about $1 million. The other half will be shared by George Smith of the University of Missouri and Gregory Winter of the MRC Molecular Biology Laboratory in Cambridge, England. The Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences said Arnold used the processes of natural selection to create enzymes. Enzymes are complex proteins that make many chemical reactions possible. The academy described the process as being similar to biological evolution. It said the Nobel winners applied “the power of evolution and used the same principles, genetic change and selection, to develop proteins that solve mankind’s chemical problems.”
Title: Americans, Briton Win Nobel Chemistry Prize for ‘Directed Evolution’
Content: <div id='article-page'><div id='article-content' data-media-url='//news-app-staging.s3.amazonaws.com' data-base-url='//news-app-staging.herokuapp.com' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/2849/6eeb3746-4410-411d-934d-8570aabb91c2_hq.wav' data-capture-url='//staging.analytics.lingraphica.com/events/capture_news' data-article-title='Americans, Briton Win Nobel Chemistry Prize for Directed Evolution' data-article-id='3415'><script src='//news-app-staging.herokuapp.com/javascripts/getscripts.js'></script><link rel='stylesheet' href='//news-app-staging.herokuapp.com/stylesheets/article.css' type='text/css' /><div class='article'><p><span data-start-time='0' data-end-time='17729'>Two Americans and one Briton have won the 2018 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for developing new processes used to create drugs, chemicals and biofuels.</span> <span data-start-time='17729' data-end-time='30313'>Frances Arnold of the California Institute of Technology will receive half the prize, worth about $1 million.</span> <span data-start-time='30313' data-end-time='46771'>The other half will be shared by George Smith of the University of Missouri and Gregory Winter of the MRC Molecular Biology Laboratory in Cambridge, England.</span> <span data-start-time='46771' data-end-time='59021'>The Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences said Arnold used the processes of natural selection to create enzymes.</span> <span data-start-time='59021' data-end-time='67500'>Enzymes are complex proteins that make many chemical reactions possible.</span> <span data-start-time='67500' data-end-time='76021'>The academy described the process as being similar to biological evolution.</span> <span data-start-time='76021' data-end-time='95479'>It said the Nobel winners applied “the power of evolution and used the same principles, genetic change and selection, to develop proteins that solve mankind’s chemical problems.”</span> </p></div><div class='control-buttons-sticky' style='display:none;'><div class='control-buttons'><button title='Back' class='back' disabled='disabled'></button><button title='Play' class='play' disabled='disabled'></button><button title='Pause' class='pause' style='display:none;'></button><button title='Forward' class='forward' disabled='disabled'></button><button class='finished-reading' style='display:none;'>Done</button></div></div></div><div id='article-media'><div id='media-image'><img src='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/2849/29983C31-4FF8-476D-834B-86AD0DF751D1_cx0_cy5_cw0_w1023_r1_s.jpg'/></div></div><div id='question-content' style='display:none;'><div class='vocabulary_question question-container' data-question-id=11656 data-hint-location='46771' style='display:none;'><div class='question' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/2849/what_is_selection.wav'>What is selection?</div><div class='choices' data-correct-choice='the process of choosing'><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/2849/the_process_of_choosing.wav'><span>the process of choosing</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/2849/the_process_of_including_everyone.wav'><span>the process of including everyone</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/2849/the_process_of_baking_cookies.wav'><span>the process of baking cookies</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/2849/the_process_of_recovering_from_an_illness.wav'><span>the process of recovering from an illness</span></div></div></div><div class='multiple_choice_question question-container' data-question-id=11657 data-hint-location='59021' style='display:none;'><div class='question' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/2849/enzymes_are_complex_proteins_that_make_many_what_possible.wav'>Enzymes are complex proteins that make many what possible?</div><div class='choices' data-correct-choice='chemical reactions'><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/2849/chemical_reactions.wav'><span>chemical reactions</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/2849/relationships.wav'><span>relationships</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/2849/fusions.wav'><span>fusions</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/2849/solutions.wav'><span>solutions</span></div></div></div><div class='sentence_completion_question question-container' data-question-id=11658 data-hint-location='67500' style='display:none;'><div class='question' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/2849/the_academy_described_the_process_as_being__blank__to_biological_evolution.wav'>The academy described the process as being <span class='blank'>similar</span> to biological evolution.</div><div class='choices' data-correct-choice='similar'><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/2849/similar.wav'><span>similar</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/2849/the_same.wav'><span>the same</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/2849/different.wav'><span>different</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/2849/opposite.wav'><span>opposite</span></div></div></div><div class='question-buttons'><button class='skip-button'></button><button 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