The world’s most promising coronavirus vaccine candidates need to be kept in cold storage to be safe and effective. Health officials have noted progress in equipping developing countries with the machinery needed to keep the vaccine cold. Yet nearly 3 billion people live in places where temperature-controlled storage is lacking for a vaccination campaign to bring the virus under control. The result: Poor people who were among the hardest hit by COVID-19 are also likely to be the last to recover from it. Maintaining the “cold chain” for coronavirus vaccines will not be easy even in the richest countries. To stay effective, some vaccines must be kept in temperatures of around minus 70 degrees Celsius.