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<div id='article-page'><div id='article-content' data-media-url='//news-app-staging.s3.amazonaws.com' data-base-url='//news-app-staging.herokuapp.com' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/csection_audio.m4a' data-capture-url='//staging.analytics.lingraphica.com/events/capture_news' data-article-title='WHO Warns Against Unnecessary Caesarean Sections' data-article-id='517'><script src='//news-app-staging.herokuapp.com/javascripts/getscripts.js'></script><link rel='stylesheet' href='//news-app-staging.herokuapp.com/stylesheets/article.css' type='text/css' /><div class='article'><p><span data-start-time='0' data-end-time='7500'>The World Health Organization says the use of surgical childbirth is growing worldwide. </span> <span data-start-time='7500' data-end-time='17104'>Surgical childbirth is when a woman gives birth with the help of a surgical operation, also called a Caesarean section. </span> <span data-start-time='17104' data-end-time='27813'>WHO officials say the operation is becoming especially popular in what they call high- and middle-income countries.</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='27813' data-end-time='39333'>Doctors may advise a Caesarean birth, known as a C-section, when normal childbirth would put the health of the mother or the baby at risk. </span> <span data-start-time='39333' data-end-time='47854'>But the United Nations agency says it is concerned about the possible abuse of this life-saving surgery. </span> </p><p><span data-start-time='47854' data-end-time='55354'>The World Health Organization is a strong supporter of Caesarean sections when they are justified medically. </span> <span data-start-time='55354' data-end-time='60729'>The WHO notes that such operations can save lives. </span> <span data-start-time='60729' data-end-time='71583'>But it says mothers and their babies are put at risk of health problems when a Caesarean section is performed without a medical need.</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='71583' data-end-time='83021'>Since 1985, health experts have set what they call the ideal rate for C-sections at between 10 and 15 percent of all births. </span> <span data-start-time='83021' data-end-time='93563'>New studies show when the rates go below 10 percent, more mothers and babies die because they are unable to get this life-saving treatment. </span> <span data-start-time='93563' data-end-time='97792'>These findings are confirmed by estimates from Africa. </span> <span data-start-time='97792' data-end-time='105708'>They show a link between low C-section numbers and high mortality rates during childbirth.</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='105708' data-end-time='114250'>Yet studies show there is no evidence that death rates improve when the rate rises above 10 percent. </span> <span data-start-time='114250' data-end-time='121938'>In fact, Caesarean sections sometimes can have serious effects on the mother and her child.</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='121938' data-end-time='129813'>Marleen Temmerman is the director of the WHO's Department of Reproductive Health and Research. </span> <span data-start-time='129813' data-end-time='135333'>She told VOA that a C-section is generally a safe operation. </span> <span data-start-time='135333' data-end-time='138771'>But, she adds, health risks do exist.</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='138771' data-end-time='146396'>The chance of a complication is not that high, but the risk the mortality can be very serious.</span> <span data-start-time='146396' data-end-time='152250'>You have like life threatening complications due to bleedings, most of them.</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='152250' data-end-time='160896'>Dr. Temmerman says a C-section is advisable when a traditional vaginal delivery puts the mother or baby in danger.</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='160896' data-end-time='173188'>Dr. Temmerman is concerned about the increase in the number of unnecessary Caesarean sections being performed in both developed and developing countries. </span> <span data-start-time='173188' data-end-time='184583'>She says changing opinions and other lifestyle issues generally are the reason for what she calls an epidemic of C-sections. </span> <span data-start-time='184583' data-end-time='191104'>These operations, she adds, are easier for gynecologists and hospitals.</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='191104' data-end-time='197854'>She says C-sections help doctors to get more control of day-to-day planning. </span> <span data-start-time='197854' data-end-time='204667'>With Caesareans there are no calls in the middle of the night and no emergencies.</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='204667' data-end-time='212979'>"For a gynecologist actually, it is easier to do a Caesarean section sometimes because you can plan your life. </span> <span data-start-time='212979' data-end-time='217104'>You call all your patients in, so to speak, for Caesareans. </span> <span data-start-time='217104' data-end-time='233021'>Every day you do two Caesareans - one at nine, one at 10 in the theater no stress, no night duties, no call in emergencies or fetal distress or bleedings or whatever. </span> <span data-start-time='233021' data-end-time='235229'>So, you have a better life."</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='235229' data-end-time='244083'>Dr. Temmerman says C-sections also are better for hospitals because they are able to organize their work force. </span> <span data-start-time='244083' data-end-time='258396'>As for the women, she says many choose a C-section over a vaginal birth because they do not want the pain of childbirth or may be afraid of the physical after-effects.</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='258396' data-end-time='274188'>The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that in 2013, 2,642,892 women gave birth through vaginal deliveries. </span> <span data-start-time='274188' data-end-time='284167'>That same year, 1,284,339 women chose a Caesarean section. </span> <span data-start-time='284167' data-end-time='291229'>The percentage of all U.S. births by C-section was 32.7%.</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='291229' data-end-time='293729'>And that’s the Health and Lifestyle report.</span> <span data-start-time='293729' data-end-time='295646'>I’m Anna Matteo.</span> </p></div><div class='control-buttons-sticky' style='display:none;'><div class='control-buttons'><button title='Back' class='back' disabled='disabled'></button><button title='Play' class='play' disabled='disabled'></button><button title='Pause' class='pause' style='display:none;'></button><button title='Forward' class='forward' disabled='disabled'></button><button class='finished-reading' style='display:none;'>Done</button></div></div></div><div id='article-media'><div id='media-image'><img src='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/csection_image.jpg'/></div></div><div id='question-content' style='display:none;'><div class='vocabulary_question question-container' data-question-id=2957 data-hint-location='173188' style='display:none;'><div class='question' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/what_does_epidemic_mean.m4a'>What does <strong>epidemic</strong> mean?</div><div class='choices' data-correct-choice='a widespread occurrence'><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/a_widespread_occurrence.m4a'><span>a widespread occurrence</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/the_main_idea.m4a'><span>the main idea</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/a_medical_study.m4a'><span>a medical study</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/allowing_you_to_do_something_easily.m4a'><span>allowing you to do something easily</span></div></div></div><div class='vocabulary_question question-container' data-question-id=2958 data-hint-location='138771' style='display:none;'><div class='question' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/what_does_mortality_mean.m4a'>What does <strong>mortality</strong> mean?</div><div class='choices' data-correct-choice='the state of being subject to death'><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/a_widespread_occurrence.m4a'><span>a widespread occurrence</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/the_main_idea.m4a'><span>the main idea</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/the_state_of_being_subject_to_death.m4a'><span>the state of being subject to death</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/allowing_you_to_do_something_easily.m4a'><span>allowing you to do something easily</span></div></div></div><div class='vocabulary_question question-container' data-question-id=2959 data-hint-location='27813' style='display:none;'><div class='question' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/what_does_advise_mean.m4a'>What does <strong>advise</strong> mean?</div><div class='choices' data-correct-choice='offer suggestions about the best course of action'><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/a_widespread_occurrence.m4a'><span>a widespread occurrence</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/the_main_idea.m4a'><span>the main idea</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/a_medical_study.m4a'><span>a medical study</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/offer_suggestions_about_the_best_course_of_action.m4a'><span>offer suggestions about the best course of action</span></div></div></div><div class='multiple_choice_question question-container' data-question-id=2960 data-hint-location='244083' style='display:none;'><div class='question' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/why_do_some_women_elect_to_have_c_sections.m4a'>Why do some women elect to have C-sections?</div><div class='choices' data-correct-choice='to avoid pain'><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/it_is_quicker.m4a'><span>it is quicker</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/it_is_easier.m4a'><span>it is easier</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/it_is_safer.m4a'><span>it is safer</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/to_avoid_pain.m4a'><span>to avoid pain</span></div></div></div><div class='multiple_choice_question question-container' data-question-id=2961 data-hint-location='173188' style='display:none;'><div class='question' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/what_is_one_reason_for_the_epidemic_of_c_sections.m4a'>What is one reason for the epidemic of C-sections?</div><div class='choices' data-correct-choice='lifestyles'><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/medical_need.m4a'><span>medical need</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/necessity.m4a'><span>necessity</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/lifestyles.m4a'><span>lifestyles</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/health_concerns.m4a'><span>health concerns</span></div></div></div><div class='multiple_choice_question question-container' data-question-id=2962 data-hint-location='7500' style='display:none;'><div class='question' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/what_is_the_name_for_surgical_childbirth.m4a'>What is the name for surgical childbirth?</div><div class='choices' data-correct-choice='caesarean section'><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/liposuction.m4a'><span>liposuction</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/rhinoplasty.m4a'><span>rhinoplasty</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/caesarean_section.m4a'><span>caesarean section</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/bypass.m4a'><span>bypass</span></div></div></div><div class='sentence_completion_question question-container' data-question-id=2963 data-hint-location='160896' style='display:none;'><div class='question' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/experts_are_concerned_about_the_increase_in_the_number_of__blank__caesarean_sections.m4a'>Experts are concerned about the increase in the number of <span class='blank'>unnecessary</span> Caesarean sections.</div><div class='choices' data-correct-choice='unnecessary'><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/unnecessary.m4a'><span>unnecessary</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/necessary.m4a'><span>necessary</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/unplanned.m4a'><span>unplanned</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/emergency.m4a'><span>emergency</span></div></div></div><div class='sentence_completion_question question-container' data-question-id=2964 data-hint-location='27813' style='display:none;'><div class='question' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/doctors_advise_c_sections_when_normal_birth_would_put_the__blank__of_the_mother_or_baby_at_risk.m4a'>Doctors advise C-Sections when normal birth would put the <span class='blank'>health</span> of the mother or baby at risk.</div><div class='choices' data-correct-choice='health'><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/health.m4a'><span>health</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/look.m4a'><span>look</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/sleep.m4a'><span>sleep</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/comfort.m4a'><span>comfort</span></div></div></div><div class='sentence_completion_question question-container' data-question-id=2965 data-hint-location='17104' style='display:none;'><div class='question' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/caesarean_sections_are_becoming_very_popular_in__blank__countries.m4a'>Caesarean sections are becoming very popular in <span class='blank'>high income</span> countries.</div><div class='choices' data-correct-choice='high income'><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/third_world.m4a'><span>third world</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/developing.m4a'><span>developing</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/high_income.m4a'><span>high income</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/253/developed.m4a'><span>developed</span></div></div></div><div class='question-buttons'><button class='skip-button'></button><button class='hint-button'></button><button class='speak-button'></button></div></div></div>
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