Governments and officials around the world are hoping COVID-19 vaccines can create “herd immunity” to protect large populations. Some experts predict that giving a vaccine to just two-thirds of a population could protect whole communities or nations. But the effectiveness of such efforts is highly dependent on what the vaccines will be able to prevent. Herd immunity happens when a large percentage “of a community (the herd) becomes immune to a disease, making the spread of disease from person to person unlikely. As a result, the whole community becomes protected, not just those who are immune,” the Mayo Clinic notes on its website.