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<div id='article-page'><div id='article-content' data-media-url='//news-app-staging.s3.amazonaws.com' data-base-url='//news-app-staging.herokuapp.com' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5286/A.wav' data-capture-url='//staging.analytics.lingraphica.com/events/capture_news' data-article-title='Cave Paintings Show Neanderthals Were Artists' data-article-id='5840'><script src='//news-app-staging.herokuapp.com/javascripts/getscripts.js'></script><link rel='stylesheet' href='//news-app-staging.herokuapp.com/stylesheets/article.css' type='text/css' /><div class='article'><p><span data-start-time='0' data-end-time='16938'>A new study suggests that Neanderthals made art far earlier than once believed, perhaps some 20,000 years before the appearance of modern humans in Europe.</span> <span data-start-time='16938' data-end-time='38979'>The recent study, which appeared in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), suggests Neanderthals used a red ochre pigment, a kind of red, earthy paint, to make cave art some 65,000 years ago.</span> <span data-start-time='38979' data-end-time='46813'>Modern humans did not exist in Europe at the time the cave images were made.</span> <span data-start-time='46813' data-end-time='66646'>The paintings in the Caves of Ardales, near Mlaga in southern Spain, add to increasing evidence that Neanderthals, who died off about 40,000 years ago, were more complex than is commonly believed.</span> <span data-start-time='66646' data-end-time='81417'>Pigments - natural coloring materials - were made in the caves at different times up to 15,000 and 20,000 years apart, the study found. </span> <span data-start-time='81417' data-end-time='91042'>Earlier research had suggested that the pigments were the result of natural processes rather than being man-made.</span> <span data-start-time='91042' data-end-time='96313'>Joo Zilho was one of the authors of the study. </span> <span data-start-time='96313' data-end-time='108917'>Zilho said dating methods showed that ochre had been spat by Neanderthals onto stalagmites, possibly as part of a ritual.</span> <span data-start-time='108917' data-end-time='116104'>Stalagmites are pointed pieces of rock that stick up from the floor of a cave.</span> <span data-start-time='116104' data-end-time='125375'>Zilho suggested that the study helps to change our opinions, or attitudes, about Neanderthals.</span> <span data-start-time='125375' data-end-time='127854'>“They were closer to humans. </span> <span data-start-time='127854' data-end-time='139250'>Recent research has shown they liked objects, they mated with humans and now we can show that they painted caves like us,” he said.</span> <span data-start-time='139250' data-end-time='152458'>Wall paintings made by early modern humans, such as those found in the Chauvet-Pont d’Arc cave of France, are more than 30,000 years old.</span> </p></div><div class='control-buttons-sticky' style='display:none;'><div class='control-buttons'><button title='Back' class='back' disabled='disabled'></button><button title='Play' class='play' disabled='disabled'></button><button title='Pause' class='pause' style='display:none;'></button><button title='Forward' class='forward' disabled='disabled'></button><button class='finished-reading' style='display:none;'>Done</button></div></div></div><div id='article-media'><div id='media-image'><img src='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5286/A.jpeg'/></div></div><div id='question-content' style='display:none;'><div class='vocabulary_question question-container' data-question-id=17955 data-hint-location='66646' style='display:none;'><div class='question' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5286/what_are_pigments.wav'>What are pigments?</div><div class='choices' data-correct-choice='natural coloring materials'><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5286/natural_coloring_materials.wav'><span>natural coloring materials</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5286/the_distinct_texture_of_a_food.wav'><span>the distinct texture of a food</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5286/groups_of_insects.wav'><span>groups of insects</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5286/tournaments_with_cash_prizes.wav'><span>tournaments with cash prizes</span></div></div></div><div class='multiple_choice_question question-container' data-question-id=17956 data-hint-location='46813' style='display:none;'><div class='question' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5286/in_which_country_are_the_caves_of_ardales.wav'>In which country are the Caves of Ardales?</div><div class='choices' data-correct-choice='Spain'><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5286/italy.wav'><span>Italy</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5286/spain.wav'><span>Spain</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5286/france.wav'><span>France</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5286/peru.wav'><span>Peru</span></div></div></div><div class='sentence_completion_question question-container' data-question-id=17957 data-hint-location='108917' style='display:none;'><div class='question' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5286/stalagmites_are_pointed_pieces_of_rock_that_stick_up_from_the_floor_of_a__blank_.wav'>Stalagmites are pointed pieces of rock that stick up from the floor of a <span class='blank'>cave</span>.</div><div class='choices' data-correct-choice='cave'><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5286/car.wav'><span>car</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5286/dinner.wav'><span>dinner</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5286/kite.wav'><span>kite</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5286/cave.wav'><span>cave</span></div></div></div><div class='question-buttons'><button class='skip-button'></button><button class='hint-button'></button><button class='speak-button'></button></div></div></div>
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