An international team of scientists says it has found high levels of phosphorus in ice from Saturn’s moon Enceladus. Phosphorus is a necessary element for many biological processes on Earth. The researchers said the ice crystals shot out from an ocean beneath the moon’s surface. The discovery came from data collected by NASA’s Cassini spacecraft. Cassini collected the data during its 13-year exploration of the huge planet, its rings, and its moons from 2004 to 2017. Cassini was the first spacecraft to orbit Saturn. The German-led team published their findings in Nature, a science magazine. NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in the western U.S. state of California also announced the findings. JPL designed and built the Cassini spacecraft. Earlier, the same team confirmed that Enceladus’ ice grains are rich in minerals and complex organic compounds. The team said the ice includes the necessary elements to create amino acids, which are important molecular structures for life. Phosphorus is the least common of the six chemical elements considered necessary to all living things. The others are carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur. Now, scientists have found them all on Enceladus.
Title: All Elements for Life Found on Saturn's Icy Moon Enceladus
Content: <div id='article-page'><div id='article-content' data-media-url='//news-app-staging.s3.amazonaws.com' data-base-url='//news-app-staging.herokuapp.com' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5916/T20.wav' data-capture-url='//staging.analytics.lingraphica.com/events/capture_news' data-article-title='All Elements for Life Found on Saturn's Icy Moon Enceladus' data-article-id='6523'><script src='//news-app-staging.herokuapp.com/javascripts/getscripts.js'></script><link rel='stylesheet' href='//news-app-staging.herokuapp.com/stylesheets/article.css' type='text/css' /><div class='article'><p><span data-start-time='0' data-end-time='13333'>An international team of scientists says it has found high levels of phosphorus in ice from Saturn’s moon Enceladus.</span> <span data-start-time='13333' data-end-time='22604'>Phosphorus is a necessary element for many biological processes on Earth.</span> <span data-start-time='22604' data-end-time='31563'>The researchers said the ice crystals shot out from an ocean beneath the moon’s surface.</span> <span data-start-time='31563' data-end-time='39438'>The discovery came from data collected by NASA’s Cassini spacecraft. </span> <span data-start-time='39438' data-end-time='54458'>Cassini collected the data during its 13-year exploration of the huge planet, its rings, and its moons from 2004 to 2017. </span> <span data-start-time='54458' data-end-time='60021'>Cassini was the first spacecraft to orbit Saturn.</span> <span data-start-time='60021' data-end-time='67500'>The German-led team published their findings in Nature, a science magazine. </span> <span data-start-time='67500' data-end-time='79750'>NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in the western U.S. state of California also announced the findings. </span> <span data-start-time='79750' data-end-time='85458'>JPL designed and built the Cassini spacecraft.</span> <span data-start-time='85458' data-end-time='96938'>Earlier, the same team confirmed that Enceladus’ ice grains are rich in minerals and complex organic compounds. </span> <span data-start-time='96938' data-end-time='108979'>The team said the ice includes the necessary elements to create amino acids, which are important molecular structures for life.</span> <span data-start-time='108979' data-end-time='117979'>Phosphorus is the least common of the six chemical elements considered necessary to all living things. </span> <span data-start-time='117979' data-end-time='125396'>The others are carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur. </span> <span data-start-time='125396' data-end-time='130688'>Now, scientists have found them all on Enceladus.</span> </p></div><div class='control-buttons-sticky' style='display:none;'><div class='control-buttons'><button title='Back' class='back' disabled='disabled'></button><button title='Play' class='play' disabled='disabled'></button><button title='Pause' class='pause' style='display:none;'></button><button title='Forward' class='forward' disabled='disabled'></button><button class='finished-reading' style='display:none;'>Done</button></div></div></div><div id='article-media'><div id='media-image'><img src='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5916/T20.jpeg'/></div></div><div id='question-content' style='display:none;'><div class='sentence_completion_question question-container' data-question-id=19540 data-hint-location='31563' style='display:none;'><div class='question' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5916/the_discovery_came_from_data_collected_by_nasas__blank__spacecraft.wav'>The discovery came from data collected by NASA's <span class='blank'>Cassini</span> spacecraft.</div><div class='choices' data-correct-choice='Cassini'><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5916/cassini.wav'><span>Cassini</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5916/voyager.wav'><span>Voyager</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5916/hubble.wav'><span>Hubble</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5916/curiosity.wav'><span>Curiosity</span></div></div></div><div class='multiple_choice_question question-container' data-question-id=19541 data-hint-location='22604' style='display:none;'><div class='question' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5916/where_did_the_ice_crystals_shoot_out_from.wav'>Where did the ice crystals shoot out from?</div><div class='choices' data-correct-choice='An ocean below the moon's surface'><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5916/another_moon.wav'><span>Another moon</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5916/saturns_rings.wav'><span>Saturn's rings</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5916/an_ocean_below_the_moons_surface.wav'><span>An ocean below the moon's surface</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5916/a_storm.wav'><span>A storm</span></div></div></div><div class='vocabulary_question question-container' data-question-id=19542 data-hint-location='85458' style='display:none;'><div class='question' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5916/what_does_the_term_confirmed_mean_in_the_context_of_the_article.wav'>What does the term "confirmed" mean in the context of the article?</div><div class='choices' data-correct-choice='Established as true or accurate'><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5916/disputed_or_questioned.wav'><span>Disputed or questioned</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5916/established_as_true_or_accurate.wav'><span>Established as true or accurate</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5916/modified_or_altered.wav'><span>Modified or altered</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5916/rejected_or_denied.wav'><span>Rejected or denied</span></div></div></div><div class='question-buttons'><button class='skip-button'></button><button class='hint-button'></button><button class='speak-button'></button></div></div></div>
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