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<div id='article-page'><div id='article-content' data-media-url='//news-app-staging.s3.amazonaws.com' data-base-url='//news-app-staging.herokuapp.com' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/456/ldw.mp3' data-capture-url='//staging.analytics.lingraphica.com/events/capture_news' data-article-title='US Labor Day Arrives Five Months Late' data-article-id='810'><script src='//news-app-staging.herokuapp.com/javascripts/getscripts.js'></script><link rel='stylesheet' href='//news-app-staging.herokuapp.com/stylesheets/article.css' type='text/css' /><div class='article'><p><span data-start-time='0' data-end-time='12449'>September 7 is Labor Day in the U.S., a national holiday that began more than 100 years ago to honor low-paid factory workers.</span> <span data-start-time='12449' data-end-time='17279'>Labor Day also informally marks the end of summer. </span> <span data-start-time='17279' data-end-time='24875'>Many children return to school after Labor Day, and the warm days of summer turn cooler. </span> <span data-start-time='24875' data-end-time='31655'>Many Americans celebrate the holiday with one last family meal outdoors.</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='31655' data-end-time='34921'>But Labor Day started with a struggle. </span> <span data-start-time='34921' data-end-time='41587'>On May 1, 1889, workers demonstrated on the streets of Paris. </span> <span data-start-time='41587' data-end-time='44966'>International Labor Day was born.</span> <span data-start-time='44966' data-end-time='54195'>Most industrialized countries in the world -- except the U.S. and Canada -- celebrate Labor Day on the first of May.</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='54195' data-end-time='62857'>The first American Labor Day celebration was held in New York City on September 5, 1882. </span> <span data-start-time='62857' data-end-time='70113'>About 10,000 workers marched through the streets to show the strength of labor organizations.</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='70113' data-end-time='79887'>For many years after that, American workers used the first Monday in September to demand better working conditions and pay. </span> <span data-start-time='79887' data-end-time='83152'>Music was part of many of those marches.</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='83152' data-end-time='89546'>Labor songs traditionally tell stories of conflict and hopes for a better life. </span> <span data-start-time='89546' data-end-time='103651'>Here is Pete Seeger’s “We Shall Not Be Moved.”</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='103651' data-end-time='110068'>Many classic American labor songs came from workers in the coal mines of the South. </span> <span data-start-time='110068' data-end-time='114059'>Mine owners bitterly opposed workers’ unions. </span> <span data-start-time='114059' data-end-time='119002'>In Kentucky, company police searched for union leaders. </span> <span data-start-time='119002' data-end-time='125465'>They waited outside a worker’s home for several days to block him from organizing.</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='125465' data-end-time='131565'>The coal miner’s wife, Florence Reece, stayed inside with her children. </span> <span data-start-time='131565' data-end-time='135442'>She wrote this song, “Which Side Are You On?” </span> <span data-start-time='135442' data-end-time='149433'>And again, here is Pete Seeger.</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='149433' data-end-time='154535'>Another American labor song is called “Bread and Roses.” </span> <span data-start-time='154535' data-end-time='160998'>It is based on a poem by James Oppenheim, published in December 1911.</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='160998' data-end-time='164376'>The poem speaks about the women’s labor movement. </span> <span data-start-time='164376' data-end-time='169841'>At that time, conditions in factories, where many women worked, were horrible.</span> <span data-start-time='169841' data-end-time='175578'>A fire at a clothing factory in New York killed 146 people. </span> <span data-start-time='175578' data-end-time='178662'>Most of the victims were immigrant women.</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='178662' data-end-time='187029'>A month after Mr. Oppenheim’s poem was published, textile workers in Lawrence, Massachusetts, went on strike. </span> <span data-start-time='187029' data-end-time='192200'>Their protest won them higher pay and better working conditions. </span> <span data-start-time='192200' data-end-time='195737'>Oppenheim’s poem gained more attention.</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='195737' data-end-time='199615'>We close with Pat Humphries singing “Bread and Roses.” </span> <span data-start-time='199615' data-end-time='222381'>Even though Labor Day demonstrations are not as common in the U.S., the song reminds us to celebrate the effort and love that many people give to their work.</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='222381' data-end-time='226780'>I’m Jim Tedder.</span> </p></div><div class='control-buttons-sticky' style='display:none;'><div class='control-buttons'><button title='Back' class='back' disabled='disabled'></button><button title='Play' class='play' disabled='disabled'></button><button title='Pause' class='pause' style='display:none;'></button><button title='Forward' class='forward' disabled='disabled'></button><button class='finished-reading' style='display:none;'>Done</button></div></div></div><div id='article-media'><div id='media-image'><img src='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/456/labor_day_image.jpg'/></div></div><div id='question-content' style='display:none;'><div class='vocabulary_question question-container' data-question-id=3998 data-hint-location='110068' style='display:none;'><div class='question' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/456/what_does_union_mean.m4a'>What does union mean?</div><div class='choices' data-correct-choice='an association of workers formed to protect and further their rights'><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/456/an_association_of_workers_formed_to_protect_and_further_their_rights.m4a'><span>an association of workers formed to protect and further their rights</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/456/an_area_of_land.m4a'><span>an area of land</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/456/to_argue.m4a'><span>to argue</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/456/the_main_idea.m4a'><span>the main idea</span></div></div></div><div class='multiple_choice_question question-container' data-question-id=3999 data-hint-location='34921' style='display:none;'><div class='question' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/456/in_what_city_did_labor_day_start.m4a'>In what city did Labor Day start?</div><div class='choices' data-correct-choice='Paris'><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/456/london.m4a'><span>London</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/456/paris.m4a'><span>Paris</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/456/chicago.m4a'><span>Chicago</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/456/montreal.m4a'><span>Montreal</span></div></div></div><div class='sentence_completion_question question-container' data-question-id=4000 data-hint-location='44966' style='display:none;'><div class='question' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/456/most_countries_celebrate_labor_day_on_the_first_of_may_except_the_us_and__blank_.m4a'>Most countries celebrate Labor Day on the first of May, except the U.S. and <span class='blank'>Canada</span>.</div><div class='choices' data-correct-choice='Canada'><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/456/mexico.m4a'><span>Mexico</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/456/china.m4a'><span>China</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/456/france.m4a'><span>France</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/456/canada.m4a'><span>Canada</span></div></div></div><div class='question-buttons'><button class='skip-button'></button><button class='hint-button'></button><button class='speak-button'></button></div></div></div>
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