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<div id='article-page'><div id='article-content' data-media-url='//news-app-staging.s3.amazonaws.com' data-base-url='//news-app-staging.herokuapp.com' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/457/oil.mp3' data-capture-url='//staging.analytics.lingraphica.com/events/capture_news' data-article-title='Countries Compete for Oil in the Arctic' data-article-id='811'><script src='//news-app-staging.herokuapp.com/javascripts/getscripts.js'></script><link rel='stylesheet' href='//news-app-staging.herokuapp.com/stylesheets/article.css' type='text/css' /><div class='article'><p><span data-start-time='0' data-end-time='8073'>Russia, the United States and other countries are hurrying to control Earth’s northernmost territory: the Arctic. </span> <span data-start-time='8073' data-end-time='11655'>It is rich in oil and natural gas. </span> <span data-start-time='11655' data-end-time='20567'>The countries want to use these and other natural resources for their citizens and to sell overseas.</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='20567' data-end-time='28209'>Russia has claimed a large part of the Arctic to develop natural resources, including oil. </span> <span data-start-time='28209' data-end-time='36372'>President Barack Obama recently approved proposed drilling in an area under U.S. control. </span> <span data-start-time='36372' data-end-time='41338'>The project was the idea of the Shell Oil Company.</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='41338' data-end-time='45964'>Bill Arnold once worked for the Shell Oil Company. </span> <span data-start-time='45964' data-end-time='50816'>But he now teaches at Rice University in Texas. </span> <span data-start-time='50816' data-end-time='55170'>He just returned home from a fishing trip to Alaska.</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='55170' data-end-time='57755'>“There is no other place that I’ve ever been that is like this. </span> <span data-start-time='57755' data-end-time='63129'>So I am very interested in the preservation of the beauty of Alaska.”</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='63129' data-end-time='70794'>Mr. Arnold said he believes that new energy resources can be developed without harming nature.</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='70794' data-end-time='74921'>But many environmentalists disagree. </span> <span data-start-time='74921' data-end-time='84082'>They denounce U.S. oil company projects in the Arctic, and they are not satisfied with President Obama’s decision.</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='84082' data-end-time='93741'>The Arctic has become more accessible because polar ice is melting much faster now than in centuries past. </span> <span data-start-time='93741' data-end-time='101293'>Many scientists point to climate change as the reason behind the melting ice. </span> <span data-start-time='101293' data-end-time='112018'>Climate change, they say, results from the use of fossil fuels, like petroleum oil for cars and other vehicles.</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='112018' data-end-time='118776'>Professor Arnold says studies have shown the Arctic has plenty of oil.</span> <span data-start-time='118776' data-end-time='124853'>“Probably something like 25 percent of the undiscovered oil and (natural) gas in the world is in the Arctic.”</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='124853' data-end-time='129206'>Half of the Arctic lies next to Russian territory. </span> <span data-start-time='129206' data-end-time='135283'>Russia sees the Arctic as important for its own energy production.</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='135283' data-end-time='144921'>“I think their view is that as the traditional resources are dwindling, they need to find new resources and some of the greatest resources in the world are in that area.”</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='144921' data-end-time='152268'>Russian development of the Arctic slowed after Western nations ordered sanctions against Russia. </span> <span data-start-time='152268' data-end-time='159819'>The sanctions were meant to punish Russia for taking the Crimea from neighboring Ukraine. </span> <span data-start-time='159819' data-end-time='166553'>Western-based companies were forced to withdraw from partnerships with Russia.</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='166553' data-end-time='173197'>But Mr. Arnold says the opening of the Arctic raises other concerns. </span> <span data-start-time='173197' data-end-time='178753'>He says Russia has a major military presence in the area. </span> <span data-start-time='178753' data-end-time='185510'>The United States, he points out, has a much smaller presence in the Arctic.</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='185510' data-end-time='195261'>He also says many countries are developing shipping projects through Arctic waters once the ice is unblocked.</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='195261' data-end-time='199546'>“The potential of it is really untested and unknown at this point. </span> <span data-start-time='199546' data-end-time='207596'>But to be able to have that kind of circumnavigation in a relatively tight range in that area could be profoundly important.”</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='207596' data-end-time='216531'>Mr. Arnold says it could be some time before Shell’s explorations affect U.S. energy production. </span> <span data-start-time='216531' data-end-time='226395'>He says it will be seven to 10 years before those efforts begin to pay off with large-scale production.</span> </p><p><span data-start-time='226395' data-end-time='228141'>I’m Bob Doughty.</span> </p></div><div class='control-buttons-sticky' style='display:none;'><div class='control-buttons'><button title='Back' class='back' disabled='disabled'></button><button title='Play' class='play' disabled='disabled'></button><button title='Pause' class='pause' style='display:none;'></button><button title='Forward' class='forward' disabled='disabled'></button><button class='finished-reading' style='display:none;'>Done</button></div></div></div><div id='article-media'><div id='media-image'><img src='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/457/arctic_image.jpg'/></div></div><div id='question-content' style='display:none;'><div class='vocabulary_question question-container' data-question-id=4001 data-hint-location='57755' style='display:none;'><div class='question' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/457/what_does_preservation_mean.m4a'>What does preservation mean?</div><div class='choices' data-correct-choice='protection over time'><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/457/ability_to_become_real.m4a'><span>ability to become real</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/457/to_become_smaller.m4a'><span>to become smaller</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/457/protection_over_time.m4a'><span>protection over time</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/457/able_to_be_reached.m4a'><span>able to be reached</span></div></div></div><div class='multiple_choice_question question-container' data-question-id=4002 data-hint-location='63129' style='display:none;'><div class='question' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/457/what_is_environmentalists_main_concern_about_drilling_in_alaska.m4a'>What is environmentalists' main concern about drilling in Alaska?</div><div class='choices' data-correct-choice='harming nature'><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/457/political_stance.m4a'><span>political stance</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/457/harming_nature.m4a'><span>harming nature</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/457/tax_dollars.m4a'><span>tax dollars</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/457/time.m4a'><span>time</span></div></div></div><div class='sentence_completion_question question-container' data-question-id=4003 data-hint-location='20567' style='display:none;'><div class='question' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/457/russia_has_claimed_a_large_part_of_the__blank__to_develop_natural_resources.m4a'>Russia has claimed a large part of the <span class='blank'>arctic</span> to develop natural resources.</div><div class='choices' data-correct-choice='arctic'><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/457/arctic.m4a'><span>arctic</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/457/rainforest.m4a'><span>rainforest</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/457/desert.m4a'><span>desert</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/457/grasslands.m4a'><span>grasslands</span></div></div></div><div class='question-buttons'><button class='skip-button'></button><button class='hint-button'></button><button class='speak-button'></button></div></div></div>
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