A new study suggests icy clouds above early Mars could have provided the warmth to permit flowing water on the Red Planet. American researchers used a computer model to predict that icy clouds in the Mars atmosphere may have created a greenhouse effect. Earth also experiences a greenhouse effect, which happens when gases in the atmosphere trap in heat from the sun. Today, Mars enjoys a cold, desert climate. Any existing water is believed to be in the form of ice because of the planet’s extremely cold temperatures. There is, however, a rich amount of evidence suggesting that rivers, lakes and even oceans once existed on Mars. In fact, scientists announced in February they had created a new map designed to identify the best sources of water ice on Mars. Scientists have long sought to explain what made it possible for Mars to have the large rivers and lakes they believe existed in the planet’s ancient past. Researchers involved in the latest study were interested in coming up with a possible explanation. They created a three-dimensional, or 3D, model of the Martian atmosphere. The study was led by Edwin Kite, a professor and planetary scientist at the University of Chicago. He said the research resulted in a major discovery that ice on the surface of Mars likely caused the greenhouse effect. The study was recently published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Title: Study: Icy Clouds May Have Permitted Flowing Water on Mars
Content: <div id='article-page'><div id='article-content' data-media-url='//news-app-staging.s3.amazonaws.com' data-base-url='//news-app-staging.herokuapp.com' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5051/A.wav' data-capture-url='//staging.analytics.lingraphica.com/events/capture_news' data-article-title='Study: Icy Clouds May Have Permitted Flowing Water on Mars' data-article-id='5615'><script src='//news-app-staging.herokuapp.com/javascripts/getscripts.js'></script><link rel='stylesheet' href='//news-app-staging.herokuapp.com/stylesheets/article.css' type='text/css' /><div class='article'><p><span data-start-time='0' data-end-time='13667'>A new study suggests icy clouds above early Mars could have provided the warmth to permit flowing water on the Red Planet.</span> <span data-start-time='13667' data-end-time='27688'>American researchers used a computer model to predict that icy clouds in the Mars atmosphere may have created a greenhouse effect. </span> <span data-start-time='27688' data-end-time='39625'>Earth also experiences a greenhouse effect, which happens when gases in the atmosphere trap in heat from the sun.</span> <span data-start-time='39625' data-end-time='45083'>Today, Mars enjoys a cold, desert climate. </span> <span data-start-time='45083' data-end-time='55938'>Any existing water is believed to be in the form of ice because of the planet’s extremely cold temperatures. </span> <span data-start-time='55938' data-end-time='68188'>There is, however, a rich amount of evidence suggesting that rivers, lakes and even oceans once existed on Mars.</span> <span data-start-time='68188' data-end-time='82896'>In fact, scientists announced in February they had created a new map designed to identify the best sources of water ice on Mars.</span> <span data-start-time='82896' data-end-time='98313'>Scientists have long sought to explain what made it possible for Mars to have the large rivers and lakes they believe existed in the planet’s ancient past.</span> <span data-start-time='98313' data-end-time='107729'>Researchers involved in the latest study were interested in coming up with a possible explanation. </span> <span data-start-time='107729' data-end-time='115917'>They created a three-dimensional, or 3D, model of the Martian atmosphere.</span> <span data-start-time='115917' data-end-time='125875'>The study was led by Edwin Kite, a professor and planetary scientist at the University of Chicago. </span> <span data-start-time='125875' data-end-time='137646'>He said the research resulted in a major discovery that ice on the surface of Mars likely caused the greenhouse effect. </span> <span data-start-time='137646' data-end-time='145979'>The study was recently published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.</span> </p></div><div class='control-buttons-sticky' style='display:none;'><div class='control-buttons'><button title='Back' class='back' disabled='disabled'></button><button title='Play' class='play' disabled='disabled'></button><button title='Pause' class='pause' style='display:none;'></button><button title='Forward' class='forward' disabled='disabled'></button><button class='finished-reading' style='display:none;'>Done</button></div></div></div><div id='article-media'><div id='media-image'><img src='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5051/A.jpg'/></div></div><div id='question-content' style='display:none;'><div class='vocabulary_question question-container' data-question-id=17347 data-hint-location='39625' style='display:none;'><div class='question' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5051/what_is_a_climate.wav'>What is a climate?</div><div class='choices' data-correct-choice='The weather conditions prevailing in an area in general or over a long period'><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5051/the_weather_conditions_prevailing_in_an_area_in_general_or_over_a_long_period.wav'><span>The weather conditions prevailing in an area in general or over a long period</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5051/the_daytoday_changes_in_rain_or_sunshine.wav'><span>The day-to-day changes in rain or sunshine</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5051/relating_to_the_biodiversity_of_a_planet.wav'><span>Relating to the biodiversity of a planet</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5051/someone_who_scales_mountain_tops.wav'><span>Someone who scales mountain tops</span></div></div></div><div class='multiple_choice_question question-container' data-question-id=17348 data-hint-location='125875' style='display:none;'><div class='question' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5051/what_likely_caused_the_greenhouse_effect_on_mars.wav'>What likely caused the greenhouse effect on Mars?</div><div class='choices' data-correct-choice='Ice'><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5051/ice.wav'><span>Ice</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5051/methane.wav'><span>Methane</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5051/plutonium.wav'><span>Plutonium</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5051/aliens.wav'><span>Aliens</span></div></div></div><div class='sentence_completion_question question-container' data-question-id=17349 data-hint-location='55938' style='display:none;'><div class='question' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5051/there_is_however_a_rich_amount_of_evidence_suggesting_that_rivers_lakes_and_even__blank__once_existed_on_mars.wav'>There is, however, a rich amount of evidence suggesting that rivers, lakes and even <span class='blank'>oceans</span> once existed on Mars.</div><div class='choices' data-correct-choice='oceans'><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5051/oceans.wav'><span>oceans</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5051/mammals.wav'><span>mammals</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5051/swamps.wav'><span>swamps</span></div><div class='choice' data-sound-name='https://news-app-production.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/5051/dinosaurs.wav'><span>dinosaurs</span></div></div></div><div class='question-buttons'><button 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